世界一流科技社团发展现状国际比较——基于实践动态的视角

 以世界一流科技社团2019年9月-2020年6月的新闻数据，分析总结了世界一流科技社团的实践动态及发展规律。研究发现：（1）国内科技社团强调党建引领，制度优势体现出强大的凝聚力；（2）国外科技社团更加善于聚合公共资源，并将产生的新知识转化为可供应用的产品和服务，推进科技与经济、创新链与产业链的融合；（3）国外科技社团善于通过多种形式发声，充分发挥决策者智库咨询的作用；（4）全球科技治理的实质性活动由国际化大型科技社团主导。中国科技社团需要重视决策咨询智库建设、为政府重大决策制定提供技术支撑；完善学术交流平台、创造有利于科技工作者的良好生态；为科技经济融合贡献智慧，推动互惠共享的国际科技交流合作。     

山西锦生润票号衰败考论

锦生润票号诞生在光绪二十九年,恰逢山西票号鼎盛时代,然而,也是山西票号"危机四伏"、衰败初露端倪的时期.锦生润票号于民国六年冬月主动"收歇",自有特别的"个案"的原因:锦生润不是完全意义上的山西票号,与经营了百年之久的其它票号不能简单地相提并论,仅仅是晚清山西商人开设"账局"的发展和延续,或者是"账局"与专业化汇兑的"票号"的有机结合的"蓝本",属于一种新类型的票号.锦生润票号的衰败及其原因,也是票号发展历史阶段的一个极其重要的组成部分.     

基于知识图谱的核电设备健康管理知识建模与分析

随着信息技术发展,设备健康数据与知识图谱技术结合为设备健康发展带来新的发展机遇,知识图谱利用其多种特异性优势,使企业系统中积累的海量设备维修数据得到有效整合利用.本文提出基于知识图谱的核电设备健康管理知识建模与分析方法,并根据实体关系模型构建维修知识图谱本体框架,同时基于核电企业实际的维修工单数据,从统计分析和关联分析两方面取得良好的实践效果.研究结果表明,知识图谱能够在设备维修知识的集成上解决传统的数据孤岛问题,同时能基于故障的可视化分析为维修人员和管理人员提供决策和知识支持.     

Multifunctional artificial nacre via biomimetic matrix-directed mineralization

Natural nacre, one of the most studied biological structural materials with delicate hierarchical structures and extraordinary performance, has inspired the design and fabrication of artificial structural ceramics with high fracture toughness. However, to meet the diverse requirements of different applications, future structural materials must be multifunctional with superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, and toughness. Herein, based on the matrix-directed mineralization method for producing biomimetic structural materials, we introduce nanoparticles with different inherent functions into the platelets of artificial nacre via the co-mineralization of aragonite and the nanoparticles. Besides their enhanced mechanical properties, the obtained artificial nacre materials also exhibit different functions depending on the type of the nanoparticles. To extend the versatility of this strategy, the effects of nanoparticles of different sizes and zeta potentials on mineralization are also analyzed. This universal strategy can be applied to the fabrication of other types of functionalized biomimetic structural ceramics that have potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical science.     

Comparison of Travel Mode Choice Between Taxi and Subway Regarding Traveling Convenience

In this study, we investigate travel mode choice behavior between taxi and subway with an emphasis on the influence of traveling convenience. In the first stage, we examine the Origin-Destination(OD) points of Beijing taxi trips and compare these locations with the respective nearest subway station. Statistics reveal several interesting conclusions. First, for approximately 24.89% of all trips, no convenient subway connections exist between the OD pairs. As such, a taxi becomes the only viable choice. Second, for 80.23% of the remaining 75.11%of trips(equivalent to 60.26% of all trips), access distance from either the origin or the destination to the nearest subway station is greater than 500 meters. This phenomenon indicates that walking distance plays an important role in travel mode choice. In the second stage, we examine groups of taxi trips with similar travel distances and travel times to reveal common features. We establish a preference rule in terms of travel distance and travel time.This determines whether an individual driver will take a taxi or the subway, using a pairwise comparison-based preference regression model. Tests indicate that more than 95% of taxi trips can be correctly predicted by this preference rule. This conclusion reveals that traveling convenience dominates the travel model choice between taxi and subway. All these findings shed light on the factors that influence travel mode choice behavior.     

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator—emerging regulator of cancer

Mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis, the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disease among Caucasians. CFTR mutations have also been linked to increased risk of various cancers but remained controversial for a long time. Recent studies have begun to reveal that CFTR is not merely an ion channel but also an important regulator of cancer development and progression with multiple signaling pathways identified. In this review, we will first present clinical findings showing the correlation of genetic mutations or aberrant expression of CFTR with cancer incidence in multiple cancers. We will then focus on the roles of CFTR in fundamental cellular processes including transformation, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, highlighting the signaling pathways involved. Finally, the association of CFTR expression levels with patient prognosis, and the potential of CFTR as a cancer prognosis indicator in human malignancies will be discussed.     

A Novel Routing Method for Social Delay-Tolerant Networks

The lack of continuous connectivity and a complete path from source to destination makes node communication quite difficult in Delay-Tolerant Networks(DTNs). Most studies focus on routing problems in idealized network environments without considering social properties. Communication devices are carried by individuals in many DTNs; therefore, DTNs are unique social networks to some extent. To design efficient routing protocols for DTNs, it is important to analyze their social properties. In this paper, a more accurate and comprehensive metric for detecting the quality of the relationships between nodes is proposed, by considering the contact time, contact frequency, and contact regularity. An overlapping hierarchical community detection method is designed based on this new metric, and a tree structure is built. Furthermore, we exploit the overlapping community structure and the tree structure to provide message-forwarding paths from the source node to the destination node.The simulation results show that our Routing method based on Overlapping hierarchical Community Detection(ROCD) achieves better delivery rate than SimBet and Bubble Rap, the classic routing protocols, without affecting the average delay.     

金属有机骨架衍生双金属氧化物的锂离性能

通过一步微波法设计合成了含有 Co 和 Zn 的双金属有机骨架结构, 并在氧气氛围下 500 ${^\circ}$C 煅烧衍生获得由纳米粒子组装的 Co-Zn-O 双金属氧化物微米棒材料. 衍生材料延承了双金属有机骨架前驱体的微米棒形貌和多孔特性, 具有两种不同的金属组分之间的协同储锂作用. Co-Zn-O 双金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料时展现了较高的比容量与循环稳定性, 经过 100 圈的充放电循环后, 比容量保持在 1 137 mA$\cdot$h$\cdot$g-1.     

干湿循环和吸力对非饱和下蜀土力学特性影响的试验研究

为研究干湿循环和吸力共同作用对非饱和下蜀土力学特性的影响,选取镇江某边坡的下蜀土为研究对象,通过非饱和直剪试验,对不同干湿循环次数及吸力水平下下蜀土力学特性的变化规律进行了研究.结果 表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,下蜀土表面裂隙明显增加并具有不可逆性;下蜀土的抗剪强度经短暂增大后逐渐降低,并在第4次干湿循环作用后趋于稳定;下蜀土的黏聚力在经历短暂提高后逐渐降低并趋于稳定,而其内摩擦角则随干湿循环次数的增加变化幅度较小,呈上下波动态势;相同干湿循环次数下,吸力的存在对于下蜀土的黏聚力具有提升作用,而对土体内摩擦角的影响则不明显.研究结果可为干湿循环作用下下蜀土边坡的稳定性分析提供计算参数,具有实际工程意义.     

贵州苦苣苔科植物新种资料(3)

贵州地处中国西南,苦苣苔科植物资源丰富,近年来有若干个新种在贵州被发现,并被合格发表。为了让研究贵州省植物的高校、研究单位的师生和科研人员更好地了解、认知这些新分类群,现逐步将这些新类群的形态描述翻译成中文,并辅以引自原文的配图。本篇收录了桐梓石山苣苔Petrocodon tongziensis R.B.ZhangF.Wen、都匀马铃苣苔Oreocharis duyunensis Z.Y.Li,X.G.XiangZ.Y.Guo、绥阳半蒴苣苔Hemiboea suiyangensis Z.Y.Li,S.W.LiX.G.Xiang、齿瓣马铃苣苔Oreocharis odontopetala Q.FuY.Q.Wang。